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WITNESSES. I

A W a ATTORNEYS THE NORRIS vuzns co.. amour UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

DAVID V. CASH, OF' JOHNSON CITY, TENNESSEE.

WRENCH.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 436,647, datedSeptember 16, 1890.

Application filed July 21, 1890.

Serial No. 359,463. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, DAVID V. CASH, of Johnson City, in the county ofWVashington and State of Tennessee, have invented a new and usefulImprovement in Wrenches, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates generallyto wrenches and particularly to that classthereof known as ratchet-hub or nut wrenches, and is particularly welladapted for railroad and bridge building purposes; and the object of myinvention is to provide a device of the character described that shallbe simple, durable, and safe in its operation; and with these objects inview my invention consists in the peculiar construction of various partsand the novel manner which they are combined, as shown in theaccompanying drawings and referred to hereinafter.

In the drawings forming a part of the specification, Figure 1 is a topplan view of my device, and Fig. 2 is a vertical longitudinal section ofthe same.

In carrying out my invention I employ a handle or lever A, one end ofwhich is apertured and receives the tubular portion Z) of the socketedhub 13, said handle turning freely upon the said portion, and is securedthereon by means of the nut a. The hub B is provided with a socket orrecess 17', which may be made any preferred shape to receive any styleof nut. The portion Z) upon which the handle turns is made tubular, thebore of the same opening into the recess b',whereby an opening is hadfor the portion of the bolt projecting through the nut held in thesocket or recess b. Square shoulders 12 are formed upon the tubularportion I; just beneath the socket b, and upon said squared portionbetween the socket and handle are arranged two ratchet-disks O and O,the peripheries of which have ratchetteeth out upon diagonally-oppositebevels, as shown. The ratchet-disks fit snugly upon the shoulder b andmove with the same.

An operating-pawl D is pivoted to the handleAby the bolt a, said pawlbeing arranged upon the. same side of the handle as the ratchet-disks.The pawl is thicker near its forward end and is bifurcated horizontally,thus forming the upper and lower legs d and d, said side of the handle Aare secured the leafsprings E, said springs being secured at e, and attheir opposite ends are slotted longitudinally, as at c, said springbeing adapted to bear upon the pawl and hold the same in engagement withits respective disks, the slotted end fitting over the pin 61 Thesprings are provided with finger-pieces 6 by means of which they can belifted in and out of engagement with the pin.

The operation of a wrench constructed as described is as follows: Thenut to be run on or off is placed in the socket b, the bolt of said nutextending into the bore of the hub, as shown in dotted lines. The pawlis then swung around upon its pivot until one of its legs engages itsrespective disks. The spring on the adjacent side of the handle is thenlifted upon the pin and the wrench is ready to turn the nut, and bysimply vibrating the handle backward and forward the nut is run eitheron or off, according to the position of the pawl.

In Fig. 2 the pawl is shown in solid lines in position for running on anut and in dotted lines in the position for turning off a nut, saidlatter position being attained by simply releasing the spring E, turningthe pawl entirely around upon its pivot, and throwing the oppositespring E in place upon the pin (1 Having thus described my invention,What I claim as new is 1. In a wrench, the combination, with a handle,of a socketed hub upon which the said handle turns, a pair ofratchet-disks between the handle and socketed hub, said disks havingtheir teeth arranged in reverse directions, and a rotatably reversiblepawl pivoted to the handle and having oppositely-disposed prongs adaptedto engage their respective ratchet disks, substantially as shown anddescribed.

2. In a wrench, the combination, with a handle, of a socket having ashouldered tubular hub upon which the handle turns, a pair ICG ofratchet-disks arranged upon the shouleither side of the pawl,substantially as and dered portion of the hub, a rotatably reversiforthe purpose described. lole pawl pivoted to the handle and having. I ioppositely-disposed prongs adapted for en- DAVID CASH 5 gagement Withtheir respective disks, and Witnesses:

the springs pivoted to the sides of the ham- T. E. HURsT, die andadapted to be swung up to press upon BN. PENLAND, Jr.

